Philipp Spener
Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German
Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what would come to be known as
Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, ''Pia desideria'' (1675) and ''Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit'' (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at
Frankfurt. In 1691, he was invited to
Berlin by the court of
Brandenburg. Even in Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant
Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the
University of Halle, but the theological faculty of another university, that of
Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors.
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